Arbejdspapir 70: Climate change and institutional change – what is the relative importance for economic performance

Udgivet d.

23. marts 2022 - 15:37

Arbejdspapir

Klima

Resumé

A growing empirical literature attempts to assess the effect of climate and institutional quality (measured by e.g. economic freedom) on economic growth, both being important fundamental growth conditions. So far, these conditions have been studied apart, even if they from a theoretical point of view are non-exclusive and could both be important. This study investigates their interaction and relative importance, using dynamic panel models. Both global warming and declining institutional quality affect growth adversely. A permanent negative shock of one unit to institutional quality (on a 0-10 scale) is associated with a 10.4 per cent lower long run GDP. In our preferred model the adverse growth effect of global warming is significant and large compared to the literature, implying a 3.4 per cent drop in global GDP from a one-degree Celsius temperature rise. The effect is quadratic; for 79 per cent of the World the adverse effect of a temperature rise of one degree would be dwarfed by the effect on GDP of a one-point fall in institutional quality. Our study suggests that policies to reduce global warming should not be at the expense of policies to enhance institutional quality, which are more important for long time growth. 

Publiceret i Environmental Economics and Policy Studies, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10018-020-00290-7

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Der desuden udarbejdet et kort, ikke-teknisk notat på dansk. Det gennemgår hovedresultaterne i arbejdspapiret ”Climate change and institutional change – what is the relative importance for economic performance”. Notatet er ”Økonomisk frihed er vigtigere end temperatur for velstand” af analysechef Otto Brøns-Petersen

Resumé “Økonomisk frihed er vigtigere end temperatur og velstand”

  1.  En permanent stigning i målt økonomisk frihed på et point, på en skala fra 0-10, er forbundet med 10,5 pct. højere BNP per capita. Dette er et meget robust resultat, og meget mere robust end temperaturresultaterne. 
  2. Der er en kvadratisk sammenhæng mellem temperatur og BNP per capita. For lande, der er koldere end 13 grader celsius i gennemsnit vil små temperaturstigninger have en gavnlig effekt på BNP per capita. Dette vil fx være tilfældet for Danmark. Det omvendte gælder for lande, der er varmere end 13 grader celsius, og skadevirkning af temperaturstigninger er større, jo varmere landet er. 
  3. Økonomisk frihed er vigtigere for velstand end temperatur. En global (uniform) temperaturstigning på 1 grad vil reducere globalt BNP med 3,4 pct. Dette er en forholdsvis stor effekt sammenlignet med, hvad andre studier har fundet, men stadig langt mindre end den negative effekt af mindre økonomisk frihed. 

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A growing empirical literature attempts to assess the effect of climate and institutional quality (measured by e.g. economic freedom) on economic growth, both being important fundamental growth conditions. This study investigates their interaction and relative importance.

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